Cognitive radio is a technology that enables intelligent and autonomous decision-making in wireless communication systems. It allows wireless devices to dynamically and adaptively adjust their transmission parameters, such as frequency, power, and modulation, based on real-time environmental conditions and available spectrum resources. By sensing and analyzing their surrounding environment, cognitive radios can efficiently utilize underutilized frequency bands and improve overall spectrum utilization. This technology has the potential to address the increasing demands for wireless communication services and alleviate spectrum scarcity issues.